Trees outside the forest: The "Dehesas" of Vilches and Arquillos

Trees outside the forest:

     The “Dehesas” of Vilches and Arquillos
           (Andalusia, South Spain)                                          a

       aLes paysages de l’arbre hors forêt: multi-valorisation dans le
        cadre d’un développement local durable en Europe du Sud.

                     Paniza Cabrera, Antonia1 and Jiménez Olivencia, Yolanda2
1
  Área de Geografía Física, Departamento de Antropología Geografía e Historia. Universidad de Jaén
                     2
                       Instituto de Desarrollo Regional. Universidad de Granada.
                                  apaniza@ujaen.es, yjimenez@ugr.es

• Introduction

• Study area

• Material and method

• Results

• Conclusion

Introduction
• Trees outside the forest
   – FAO define by default in terms of the forest, as follows: trees
     growing outside the forest and not belonging to the category of
     forests, forest lands, or other wooded land.
   – Trees outside forests are located on "other land", such as
     agricultural land, built-up areas such as settlements and
     infrastructure.
   – Trees play a constant or occasional but always specific role in
     livestock production systems
• The dehesas.
   – Agrosilvopastoral systems are characterised by the dispersion or
     individual or grouped trees associated with animal grazing and
     cultivated areas.
   – The trees are Mediterranean evergreen cork or holm oaks

Study area

MATERIAL AND METHOD
• Digital orthoimages
         1956                     2007

• Information was
transferred into a GIS

MATERIAL AND METHOD

• Land cover classes were separated firstly in
  cultivated and non-cultivates areas.

• In the uncultivated areas we differentiated
  between:
  –   Shrubs
  –   Pastures
  –   Forest
  –   Dehesa with Shrubs and pastures
  –   Dehesa with pastures
  –   Cultivated dehesa

Dehesa with bushes and pastures

Dehesa with pastures

Cultivated dehesa

Result

80                70
70
60                     53
50                                                                 1956
40
30                                                                 2007
                            16                    14
20     8
                                 12
                                           8               10
           3                           6
10
 0
     Cultivated   Dehesa    Dehesa    Pasture   Pine    Shrubs
      dehesa       with      with                      with pine          Uses that have not changed
                  shrubs    pasture                                       Uses that have changed
                    and
                  pasture

New coverages in the cultivated dehesa that have
                   changed 1956-2007           Almond trees

                                                 Cereal
                0%

                1%   0%   7%                     Dehesa with shrubs and
                                     10%
                                                 pasture
31%
                                                 Dehesa with pasture

                                                 Shrubs

0%                                               Olive trees
                               51%
                                                 Pasture

                                                 Pine

New coverages in the dehesa with shrubs and
         pasture that have
                       0%
                           changed. 1956-2007
                       0%
                       0%

                            5%                 Almond trees
                                 0%
                                               Cereal

                                               Cultivated dehesa

                                               Dehesa with pasture

                                               Shrubs

                                               Shrubs and Pine
51%                                     40%
                                               Olive trees

                                               Pine

                       4%

Conclusion

•Decrease of dehesa:

   • Forest repopulations.

   • Olive groves

Conclusion

• Changes in the dehesa
  structure:

  – Reduction of the cultivated
    dehesa

  – Increase in the denseness
    of bushes and trees

Conclusion
• Reasons for the increase in the denseness
  of bushes and trees:

  – Abandonmed of the exploitation.

  – Hunting activities

Bibliografía:
ACOSTA NARANJO, R. (2005). Dehesa y dehesas. La cultura de la dehesa. En RODRÍGUEZ BECERRA, s. (coord.). Proyecto Andalucía. Antropología, Tomo
XI. Publicaciones comunitarias. Sevilla. Pp. 209-246.
ACOSTA NARANJO. R. (2005). El medio ambiente y los nuevos procesos productivos en la dehesa. Revista de Estudios Agrosociales, nº 206. pp 63-86.
CAMPOS, P., OVANDO, P. y MONTERO, G. (2008). Does private income support sustainable agroforestry in Spanish dehesa?. Land Use Policy, 25. Elsevier.
Pp. 510-522.
ESPEJO DÍAZ, M., ESPEJO GUTIÉRREZ DE TENA, A. M., MATOS, G., y PEREIRA, P. M. (2006). Elección de fincas piloto para el desarrollo del proyecto
INTEREG-IIIA dehesa-montado SP4.E13. En gestión ambiental y económica del Ecosistema montado/dehesa en la Península Ibérica. Pp 249-258.
IBAÑEZ, J. J., RECUERO, M. A. y VICENTE, A. (1981). Propuesta de ordenamiento de los agrosistemas de dehesa en la península ibérica. Revista de
Estudios Agrosociales. nº 114. Pp 39-79.
JOFFRE, R., RAMBAL, S. y RATTE, J. P. (1999). The dehesas system of southern Spain and Portugal as a natural ecosystem mimic. Agroforestry systems, 45.
Kluwer Academic Publisher. Pp. 57-79.
LAVADO CONTADOR, J. F., SCHNABEL, S., CERRILLO CUENCA, A., MATEOS RODRÍGUEZ, A. B., GÓMEZ AMELIA, D. (2006). Estudio integral de los
factores físicos en las dehesas de Extremadura. En gestión ambiental y económica del Ecosistema montado/dehesa en la Península Ibérica. Pp. 43-53.
MORALES GERRERO, A. y MORALES GUERRERO, P. (2001). Análisis económico de los recursos productivos de las dehesas salmantinas. Actas del 7
congreso de Economía Regional de Castilla León. Pp 273-290
MORENO MARCOS, G. y PULIDO DÍAZ, E. J. (2006). La matorralización de la dehesa: implicaciones en el funcionamiento y productividad del arbolado y
sostenibilidad del sistema. En gestión ambiental y económica del Ecosistema montado/dehesa en la Península Ibérica. Pp. 299-305.
OLEA, L. y SAN MIGUEL-AYANZ, A. (2006). The Spanish dehesa. A tradicional Mediterranean silvopastoral system linking production and nature conservation.
En 21st General meeting of the European Grassland Federation. Pp. 1-15
PINTO CORREIA, T. (1993). Threatened landscape in Alentejo, the “montado” and other “agrosilvopastoral” systems. Landscape and Urban Planning, 24.
Elsevier. Pp. 43-48.
PINTO CORREIA, T. (2000). Future development in Portuguese rural areas: how to manage agricultural support for landscapes conservation. Landscapes an
urban planning. Elsevier. Pp. 95-106.
PLIENINGER, T. y SCHAICH, H. (2006). Elementos estructurales del paisaje adehesado tradicional en Monroy y Torrejón el Rubio (Cáceres) y su importancia
para la conservación de la naturaleza y el desarrollo rural. Revista de Estudios Extremeños 62. Pp. 441-484.
PLIENINGER, T. y WILBRAND, C. (2001). Land use, biodiversity conservation, and rural development in the dehesas of Cuatro Lugares, Spain. Agroforestry
Systems, 51. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Pp. 23-34.
PLIENINGER, T., MODOLELL, J. Y KONOLD, W. (2004). Land manager attitudes toward management, regeneration, and conservation of Spanish holm oak
savannas (dehesas). Landscapes and urban planning. Elsevier, 66. pp. 185-198.
PLIENINGER, T., PULIDO, F. J. y SCHAICH, H. (2004). Effects of lands-use and landscapes structure on holm oak recruitment and regeneration at farm level
in Quercus ilex L. dehesas. Journal of Arid Environments, 57. Elsevier. Pp 345-364.
PLIENINGER, T. (2006). Las dehesas de la penillanura cacereña. Origen y evolución de un paisaje cultural. Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de
Extremadura. Pp 191.
PLIENINGER, T. (2006). Habitat loss, fragmentation, and alteration- Quantifying the impact of land-use changes on a Spanish dehesa landscapes by use of
aerial photography and GIS. Landscapes Ecology, 21. Springer. pp. 91-105.
ZAMORA PANIAGUA, R. y ORTUÑO PÉREZ, S. F. (2003). La economía de la dehesa y el desarrollo rural. La Sierra Morena sevillana. Observatorio
medioambintal, nº 6. pp. 253-275.