9 Preguntas básicas para estimular el desarrollo cognitivo en la infancia - LA TEORÍA DE LOS MARCOS RELACIONALES EN LA PRÁCTICA
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9 Preguntas básicas para
estimular el desarrollo cognitivo
en la infancia
LA TEORÍA DE LOS MARCOS RELACIONALES EN LA PRÁCTICA
INTRODUCCIÓN
El desarrollo cognitivo en el aula es un juego de formular y responder
preguntas cada vez más complejas que se construyen a partir de
preguntas básicas.
Estas preguntas permiten que las personas establezcan relaciones entre
diferentes eventos, es decir responder a ciertos eventos de acuerdo a
su relación con otros. A este tipo de relaciones se les conoce como
MARCOS RELACIONALES.
La investigación científica conductual ha logrado identificar 9 relaciones
o marcos relacionales. En el trabajo docente todas las actividades son
una oportunidad para enseñar este tipo de relaciones.
MARCOS 01 02
RELACIONALES Marcos de
Marcos de distinción
coordinación
03 04 05
Marcos de
Marcos de oposición Marcos espaciales
comparación
06 07 08
Marcos de jerarquía Marcos temporales Marcos de causalidad
09 Marcos de deícticos
01 Es igual que…
Este tipo de preguntas se orientan a señalar las
similitudes, la iguadad o la identidad entre dos
elementos: A
MARCOS DE COORDINACIÓN
¿En qué son iguales?
¿Cuáles son idénticas? Igual que
¿En qué se parecen?
B Igual que C
¿En qué son equivalentes?
¿Cuáles son sus semejanzas?
02 Es diferente que…
Este tipo de preguntas se orientan a señalar
relaciones de diferencia o distinción entre dos
elementos: A
MARCOS DE DISTINCIÓN
¿Cuáles son distintos?
¿Cuáles son diferentes? desconocido
¿En qué son diferentes? B desconocido C
¿Cuáles no se parecen?
03 Es lo opuesto a…
Este tipo de preguntas se orientan a señalar
relaciones de oposición entre dos elementos:
MARCOS DE OPOSICIÓN A
¿Cuál es el opuesto ?
Igual
¿En qué son antagónicos?
¿Cuáles son contrarios?
B Igual C
¿Cuáles son incompatibles?
04 Es más que …
Este tipo de preguntas se orientan a señalar
comparaciones entre dos elementos usualmente en
una dimesión específica: A
MARCOS DE COMPARACIÓN
¿Cuál tiene más?
¿Cuál tiene menos?
es más que
¿En dónde hay más?
¿En dónde hay menos? B es más que C
¿Cuál es más ?
¿Cuál es menos
05 Está más lejos que…
Este tipo de preguntas se orientan a señalar
relaciones vinculadas con la disposición del objeto en
un espacio: A
MARCOS ESPACIALES
¿Cuál está más lejos?
lejos de
¿Cuál está más cerca?
¿Cuál está a un lado?
B lejos de C
¿Cuál está próximo?
06 Está incluido en …
Este tipo de preguntas se orientan a establecer la
comparación entre los miembros de una clase
jerárquica:: A
MARCOS DE JERARQUÍA
¿Cuál está incluido en esta
categoría?
Es un tipo de
¿Qué incluye esta categoría? B incluye C
¿De qué categoría es este
elemento?
07 Esto sucedió antes o después que …
Este tipo de preguntas se orientan a comparer dos
elementos a lo largo de una dimension temporal:
MARCOS TEMPORALES A
¿Qué sucedió antes?
después
¿Qué ocurrió después?
¿Qué vino después?
B antes C
¿Qué siguió a?08 Esto ocurrió a causa de …
Este tipo de preguntas se orientan a establecer
relaciones que especifican causalidad (causa-efecto)
o condicionalidad (si-entonces): : A
MARCOS DE CAUSALIDAD
¿Cuál es la causa?
causado por
¿Qué ocurre si?
¿Entonces, cuál fue el efecto?
B efecto de C
¿Cuál fue la consecuencia?09 Desde tu perspectiva que…
Este tipo de preguntas se orientan a señalar
relaciones en términos de la perspectiva del
hablante: Yo –Aquí-Ahora vs Tú-Allá-Entonces A
MARCOS DEÍCTICOS
¿Desde dónde tu estás cuál …?
a la izquierda de
¿Desde tu perspectiva qué ..?
¿En tu lugar cómo …?
B a la derecha de C
¿En tu posición dónde …?
Un deíctico es una palabra que no se entiende sin conocer el contexto.PREGUNTAS DE ESTUDIO
Explica y ejemplifica cada uno de los
tipos de marcos relacionales
ejemplificados en la lectura.REFERENCIAS Fox, E. (2018) An Introduction to Relational Frame Theory. USA: Foxylearning LLC. Villate, M., Villate, J. & Hayes, S. (2016) Mastering the clinical conversation. NY: The Guilford Press. Hayes, S., Barnes-Holmes, B. & Roche, B. (2001) Relational Frame Theory: A Post-Skinnerian account of human language and cognition. USA: Plenum Press.
9 PREGUNTAS BÁSICAS PARA ESTIMULAR EL DESARROLLO COGNITIVO
La teoría de los marcos relacionales en la práctica
Jorge Everardo Aguilar-Morales y
Fabiola Margarita Santiago García
Edith Elizabeth Aguilar Morales
Edgar Omar Aguilar Morales
2021COMUNÍCATE www.experienciasautenticasdeaprendizaje.org Facebook/experiencias auténticas de aprendizaje.org
01 Tips for teachers You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
Tips for teachers
Do you know what helps you make your point
clear? Lists like this one:
● They’re simple
● You can organize your ideas clearly and
easily
● You’ll never forget to buy milk!
And the most important thing: the audience
won’t miss the point of your presentationTips for teachers
Chat feature Change names
Venus is the second It’s the biggest planet
planet from the Sun in the Solar System
Change background Mute your students
Despite being red, Saturn is a gas giant
Mars is a cold place and has ringsA picture always reinforces the concept Images reveal large amounts of data, so remember: use an image instead of a long text
Shall we play bingo?
In the city
Hotel Church Cinema Bakery
School Bank Zoo Library
Bookshop Gym Park Mall
Museum Market Drugstore Church“This is a quote, words full of wisdom that
someone important said and can make the
reader get inspired.”
—Someone FamousAWESOME WORDS
WHOA
This could be the part of the
presentation where you can introduce
yourself, write your email...03 Activities & games You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
Connect with the correct option
There are two rabbits in the picture
There aren't any milk in the fridge?
There is some tea in the pot
Is there twenty children in the classResults on a graph
Venus
Venus is the second planet from
the Sun in the Solar System
Mars
Despite being red, Mars is a cold
place full of iron oxide dust
Saturn
Saturn is composed mostly of
hydrogen and helium
To modify this graph, click on it, follow the link,
change the data and paste the new graph hereA PICTURE IS WORTH A THOUSAND WORDS
How many of you are attentive?
Saturn
Saturn is a gas giant and has
60%
several rings. It's composed of
hydrogen and helium 40%
Neptune
Neptune is the farthest planet
from the Sun. It's also the
fourth-largest object02 Expectation posters You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
Let's make teams
Team 1 Team 2
Saturn is a gas giant and has Neptune is the farthest planet
several rings. It's composed of from the Sun. It's also the fourth-
hydrogen and helium largest object84,000 People take online classes every day
Hangman
want to
a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, ñ,
o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z, ?
Solution: want to play?Scoring levels
excellent very good try harder
Saturn is a gas giant and has Neptune is the farthest planet Venus has a beautiful name
several rings. It's composed of from the Sun. It's also the and is the second planet from
hydrogen and helium fourth-largest object the Sun. It’s terribly hot04 Projectable Ideas You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
Would you rather?
Venus is the second It’s the biggest planet in Mars is red and the fourth
planet from the Sun the Solar System planet from the Sun
or or or
Ceres is located in the Saturn is a gas giant and Neptune is the farthest
main asteroid belt has several rings planet from the Sun
Yes, this is the ringed one Despite being red, Mars is Venus is the second
It’s a gas giant a very cold place planet from the Sun
or or or
Neptune is the farthest Jupiter is the biggest Earth is the planet where
planet from the Sun planet of them all we all live on333,000.00
earths is the Sun’s mass
24h 37m 23s
is Jupiter’s rotation period
386,000 km
is the distance between Earth and the MoonGuess the correct percentage
15% 40%
Venus is the Mercury is the
second planet closest planet
from the Sun to the Sun
It's the closest
30% planet to the Sun 70%
Ceres is Yes, this is the
located in the ringed one. It’s
asteroid belt a gas giantWhere in the world?
Paris
London
Tokyo
New YorkSteps for a video call
1 3 5
2 4
Remember Make sure Participate
you are in you are and have
a meeting connected fun
Wait for Arrive on
your turn time for
to talk the callParticipate and have fun It’s the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest in the Solar System
Did you know that here... Venus Mercury Venus is the Mercury is the second planet from closest planet to the Sun the Sun Mars Saturn Despite being red, Yes, this is the Mars is actually a ringed one. It’s a cold place gas giant
Our team
teacher Helen Teacher Karl
Here you can talk a bit Here you can talk a bit
about this person about this personMOBILE APP You can replace the image on the screen with your own work. Just delete this one and add yours
IPAD APP
You can replace the image on the
screen with your own work. Just
delete this one and add yoursWEBSITE You can replace the image on the screen with your own work. Just delete this one and add yours
05 Ideas charts You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
Guess my number
Is it even? The number is...
Is it odd?
45
Is it before ?
How many digits?
Is there a in the tens place?
Is there a in the ones place?
Is the number between and ?Timetable Hour Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri 09:00-10:00 subject subject subject subject subject 10:00-11:00 subject subject subject subject subject 12:00-13:00 B R E A K 14:00-15:00 subject subject subject subject subject 16:00-17:00 subject subject subject subject subject
Class schedule
Mercury is the Jupiter is a gas Earth is the
closest planet giant and the third planet
to the Sun DAY 2 biggest planet DAY 4 from the Sun
Despite being Pluto is now
DAY 1 red, Mars is a DAY 3 considered a DAY 5
cold place dwarf planetContact Address 4 Spring Street
Mercury is the closest planet Phone 040 545 363 356
to the Sun and the smallest
one in the Solar System Website Yourcompany.com
Email Email
Addressthanks!
Do you have any questions?
youremail@freepik.com
+91 620 421 838
yourcompany.com
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