BOGOTA AND CUNDINAMARCA FACE TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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BOGOTA
AND CUNDINAMARCA
FACE TO
CLIMATE CHANGE
—
Con la colaboración de:
PROJECTO UNDP/74081. Territorial Approach to Climate Change in the Capital Region of Colombia (TACC Colombia) Director: Omar Franco Torres. Director of IDEAM Country Director of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) - Colombia: Silvia Rucks UNDP Officer, Environment and Energy Programme: Jimena Puyana Eraso – TACC COLOMBIA COORDINATION UNIT TACC Colombia, Project Coordinator: Javier Eduardo Mendoza Sabogal Technical Advisor: Jason García Portilla Communications Advisor: Juan Carlos Forero Amaya Administrative Assistant: Isabel Castro Robledo – Translation: Ryan Scott and Ryan Zelig (Original text in Spanish) Photography: Instituto Humboldt, IDEAM, Oficina de prensa Alcaldía Mayor de Bogota, Oficina de prensa Gobernación de Cundinamarca, Secretaria de ambiente, El Tiempo, www.123rf.com Editorial coordination: TACC Coordination unit Design and layout: Una tinta medios – March 2014 Print: Graphix.NET SAS ISBN: 978-958-8758-89-3 Made and printed in Bogota, Colombia – WARNING This edition has been produced collectively with the support of several investigations and the inputs of public and private entities. UNDP acts in its capacity as general editor, but the judgments and ideas here presented are neither the responsibility of UNDP nor TACC Colombia partner institutions. UNDP acts in its capacity as general editor, but the judgments and ideas here presented are neither the responsibility of UNDP nor TACC Colombia partner institutions. The backup and source documents utilized for this edition can be fully downloaded in Spanish version on: www.priccregioncapital.org. TACC Colombia is the result of a collaborative work that has been possible thanks to the support and participation of many people and institutions. It has financed under the project document signed be- tween partner institutions and also thanks to the generous contributions of the Government of Spain and the Government of Quebec, Canada Cited as: IDEAM, UNDP, Mayor of Bogota, Cundinamarca Government, CAR, Corpoguavio, Alexander von Humboldt Institute, Natural National Parks of Colombia, MADS DNP. 2014 Bogota and Cundinamarca region face climate change, TACC Colombia for Bogota- Cundinamarca region. –
BOGOTA AND CUNDINAMARCA FACE TO CLIMATE CHANGE — TACC COLOMBIA – Strategy summary and main results of the process – www.priccregioncapital.org
TACC Colombia Bogota-CUNDINAMARCA, CAPITAL REGION – Fabrizio Hochschild UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator for Colombia Silvia Rucks Country Director - UNDP Colombia Omar Franco Torres Director of IDEAM and Project Director Álvaro Cruz Vargas Governor of Cundinamarca Gustavo Petro Urrego Mayor of Bogota Pablo Vieira Samper Deputy Minister of Environment and Sustainable Development Tatyana Orozco de la Cruz Director of the National Planning Department Alfred Ignacio Ballesteros Head of CAR Martha Jhoven Plazas Head of CORPORINOQUIA Oswaldo Jiménez Head of Corpoguavio Brigitte LG Baptiste Head of Alexander von Humboldt Institute Julia Miranda Head of National NaturalParks – EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Silvia Rucks Directora de País PNUD Colombia; Omar Franco Torres Director IDEAM; Álvaro Cruz Vargas Gobernador de Cundinamarca; Gustavo Petro Urrego Alcal- de de Bogota; Freddy William Sanchez Mayork Secretario de Integración Regional de Cundinamarca; Andrés Alejandro Romero Secretario de Planeación de Cundi- namarca; Marcela Orduz Quijano Secretario de Ambiente de Cundinamarca; Jaime Matiz Ovalle Oficina de Atención y Prevención de Desastres de Cundinamar- ca; Néstor García Buitrago Secretario Distrital de Ambiente; Gerardo Ardila Calderón Secretario Distrital de Planeación; Alberto Merlano Alcocer Gerente EAB; Javier Pava Sánchez Director FOPAE; Alfred Ignacio Ballesteros Director CAR; Martha Jhoven Plaza Rojas Directora CORPORINOQUIA; Oswaldo Jiménez Díaz Director COR- POGUAVIO; Brigitte LG Baptiste Directora Instituto Alexander von Humboldt; Julia Miranda Londoño Directora Parques Nacionales Naturales; Rodrigo Suárez Castaño Di- rector de Cambio Climático MADS; Alexander Martínez Moreno Subdirector de Desarrollo Ambiental Sostenible DNP. FOCAL POINTS - PARTNER INSTITUTIONS Jimena Puyana Delegada PNUD; José Alaín Hoyos, Vicky Guerrero Barrios Delegados del IDEAM; Marleny Urbina Hernández Delegada Gobernac- ión de Cundinamarca; Gloria Esperanza Narvaez Delegada Secretaría Distrital de Ambiente; Carolina Chica Delegada Secretaría Distrital de Planeación; Lina María Hernández Ortiz Delegada FOPAE; Francisco Javier Canal Albán Delegado EAB; María Elena Báez Delegada CAR; Myriam Amparo Andrade Hernández Delegada CORPOGUAVIO; Jorge Enrique Gutiérrez Delegado Instituto Alexander von Humboldt; Juan Giovany Bernal Delegado Parques Naturales Nacionales; Silvia Calderón Del- egada DNP; Maritza Florián Delegado MADS.
AUTHORS Javier Eduardo Mendoza Sabogal, Jason García Portilla, Juan Carlos Forero, Isabel Castro Robledo, Francisco Javier Canal Albán, Diana Rocío Rojas Orjuela, Julio Carrizosa Umaña, Vicky Guerrero Barrios, José Edgar Montealegre Bocanegra, Andrea Rodríguez Roa, César Augusto Martínez Chaparro, Oscar Javier Espejo, Ana Derly Pulido Guio, Diego Fabián Pajarito Grajales, Diego Miguel Murcia Alba, John Freddy Grajales, Claudia Aydee Capera Layton, Oscar Pedraza Manrique, Omar Darío Cardona, Paula Andrea Cifuentes, Ketty Carla Mendes, María del Pilar Pérez, Dora Catalina Suarez, Cristian Camilo González, Juan Pablo Lodoño, Gabriel Andrés Bernal, Michael J. Puma, Mark Tadross, Franklyn Ruiz; Jorge Humberto Aguilera Leal; CAEM: Fabiola Suárez, Margarita Pava M., Sandra P. Estupiñán, Angélica Viviescas, Oscar Hernández, Ángela Duque, Carlos Amaris; CIDER, Universidad de los Andes: Juan Benavides, Ana María Veloza, Juan Estupiñan, Juan Zapata, Rosanna Ovalle; Conservación Internacional: Ángela Andrade, Leonardo Sáenz, Patricia Bejarano M, Oscar Bonilla; Rocío Vega, José Ville Triana, Andrés Páez, Jairo Guerrero, Yolanda Gómez. COLLABORATORS Adriana Saboya, Alfonso Mahecha, Amparo Carrillo, Amparo Díaz, Ana María Loboguerrero, Ana Silvia Garzón, Andrea Guerrero García, Andrea Olaya, Andrea Olaya, Andrea Piñeros, Andrea Rodríguez, Andrea Zapata, Andrés Bernal, Andrés Oliveros, Aurora Beltrán, Astrid Ulloa, Bibiana Sandoval, Blanca Oviedo, Camilo Luengas, Carlos Alberto Rodríguez, Carlos Alvarado, Carlos Ballesteros, Carlos Barragán, Carolina Chica, Carolina Figueroa, Carolina González, Carolina Solórzano, Carolina Urrutia, Carolina Useche, Catalina Quintero, César Ortiz, César Ruíz, Claudia Álvarez, Claudia Jimena Cortés, Claudia López, Claudia Marín, Claudia Rodríguez, Constanza Cruz, Dalila Camelo, Daniel Castañeda, Danilo Ramos, Deissy Martínez, Diana Barba, Diana Hernández, Diana Lugo, Dorotea Cardona, Duván López, Edgar Bejarano, Edith Consuelo Fino, Efraín Domínguez, Efrén García, Elizabeth Yarce, Ernesto Guhl Nannetti, Estafanía Ardila, Felipe Gómez, Fernando Adames, Fernando Herrera, Francisco Lodoño, Frank Jaramillo, Germán Galindo Hernández, Germán Linares, Gianpiero Renzoni, Gladys Moreno, Gloria Esperanza Narvaez, Gloria Inés Bernal, Gloria León, Gloria Rodríguez, Gloria Salazar, Guillermo Armenta, Gustavo Mora, Gustavo Wilches-Chaux, Héctor Pabón, Héctor Piragauta, Hernán Piñeros, Illich Briceño, Jaime Matiz, Jairo Bustos, Janneth Aparicio, Javier Valbuena, Jennifer Dorado, Jimena Puyana, Johanna Zilliacus, Jorge Enrique Gutiérrez, Jorge Isaacs, José Alain Hoyos, Juan Diego Giraldo, Juan Gabriel Osorio, Juan Giovany Bernal, Juan Pablo Latorre, Juan Pablo Ruiz, Juana Mariño, Juanita González, Julián Piragauta, Katherine Fuquen, Klaus Schutze, Liliana Martínez, Liliana Tinoco, Lina María Hernández Ortiz, Lorena Santamaría, Luz Marina Arévalo, Manuel Rodríguez Becerra, Marcelo Arbelaez, Marcos Barreto, Margarita Gutiérrez, Margarita Pacheco, María Claudia García, María Cristina Amezquita, María Elena Báez, María Patricia Cuervo, María Teresa Martínez, Mariana Rojas, Mariela Rodríguez, Mario Humberto Martínez, Maritza Florián, Marleny Urbina Hernández, Martha Liliana Sánchez, Mary Teresa Lizarazo, Max Toro, Melba Rojas, Milton Espitia, Mónica Cuellar, Myriam Amparo Andrade Hernández, Natalia Gutiérrez, Nelsy Verdugo, Néstor Garzón, Omar Morales, Omar Vargas, Oscar Alfonso, Paola Bernal, Paola Ricaurte, Patricia León, Pedro Rodríguez, Piedad Martin, Pilar del Rocío García, Rafael Cubillos, Raúl Aramayo, Reynaldo Contreras, Ricardo José Lozano, Sabina Rodríguez, Salomón Ramírez, Sandra Arce, Sandra Garavito, Sandra García, Silvia Calderón, Sonia Durán, Vicente Robinson Davis, Yury García. INTERNS Alejandra Malaver, Andrés Felipe Jaramillo, Daniela Gutiérrez, Diana Estefanía Pulido, Jennifer Forero, Jenny Patricia Gómez, Katheryn Zulay Peraza, Liliana Ramos, Lukas Ramírez, Marcela Adelaida Vega, María Camila Prado, Naira Bonilla, Raúl Eslava, Sara Venecia, Tatiana Mendoza Salamanca. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTs Asamblea de Cundinamarca, Canal Capital, CAR (Subdirección de Administración de los Recursos Naturales y Áreas Protegidas, Subdirección de Planeación y Sistemas de Información, Secretaría General, Subdirección de Desarrollo Ambiental Sostenible, Oficina de Control Interno, Fondo para las Inversiones Ambientales en el Perímetro Urbano de Bogota), CDKN, Ciudad Humana, Climsat, Colciencias, Concejo de Bogota, Corpoguavio (Subdirección de Planeación), DANE, Dirección Distrital de RRII, DNP (Subdirección de Desarrollo Ambiental Sostenible), EAB (Gerencia de Planeación, Gerencia de Ambiente, Empresa de Servicios Públicos), ESAP, FESCOL, FOPAE (hoy IDIGER), Foro Nacional Ambiental, Gobernación de Cundinamarca (Secretaría de Integración Regional, Secretaría de Ambiente, Secretaría de Planeación, Secretaría de Agricultura, UAEGRD, Secretaría de Educación, Secretaría Especial Soacha), Hospital del Sur, IDEAM (Dirección General, Subdirección de Estudios Ambientales, Subdirección de Meteorología, Subdirección de Hidrología, Subdirección de Ecosistemas, Cooperación Internacional, Comunicaciones, Jurídica, Informática, Planeación, Pronósticos y Alertas), IGAC, Ingemar, Instituto Alexander von Humboldt, Instituto Quinaxi, Jardín Botánico de Bogota José Celestino Mutis, KLN, MADS (Dirección de Cambio Climático), NASA, Parques Nacionales (Cambio Climático, Planeación, Territorial Orinoquía), Secretaría Distrital de Ambiente (Dirección de Planeación y Sistemas de Información Ambiental, Subdirección de Ecourbanismo y Gestión Ambiental Empresarial, Subdirección de Políticas y Planes Ambientales, Subdirección de Calidad del Aire, Auditiva y Visual, Subdirección de Ecosistemas y Ruralidad, Subdirección de Silvicultura, Flora y Fauna Silvestre, Subdirección de Control Ambiental al Sector Público, Dirección de Gestión Ambiental, Red de Monitoreo de Calidad del Aire), Secretaría Distrital de Desarrollo Económico, Secretaría Distrital de Educación, Secretaría Distrital de Hábitat, Secretaría Distrital de Movilidad, Secretaría Distrital de Planeación (Dirección de Integración Regional, Nacional e Internacional, Dirección de Ambiente y Ruralidad), Secretaría Distrital de Salud, SENA, UAEGRD, UNGRD (Subdirección de Conocimiento del Riesgo), Universidad de los Andes, Universidad Central, Universidad de Columbia, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Universidad del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, WWF.
6■
31
CON
Chap.
005
¿What is the present climate in the cudinamarca region
and what will its future climate be? p32 / 5.1 Interan-
TeNt
nual climate variability in the Bogota Cundinamarca re-
gion (phenomena El Niño and La Niña) p35 / 5.2 Climate
change (2011-2100) in the Bogota Cundinamarca region p38
/ 5.3 The greenhouse gas emissions inventory to Bogota
Cundinamarca region
– Chap.
006 46
¿What are the dynamics and vulnerabilities of climate
change in the region of Bogota Cundinamarca? p47 / 6.1
Analysis of the main dynamics of the region associated with
variability and climatic changes p48 / 6.2 Register of emer-
Page. gency events and disasters of hydro meteorological origin in
12
Bogota Cundinamarca region for the period 1980-2012 p53 /
6.3 Current and future vulnerability to climate variability and
change in the Bogota Cundinamarca region p59 / 6.4 Inte-
Introduction gral vulnerability and capacity for adaptation in the Bogota
Cundinamarca region
14
Chap.
001
Climate change: national context, advances
Chap.
007 61
and the challenges for Colombia ¿How to deal with climate change related challenges in
the region? p62 / 7.1 Achievements of tacc colombia in
18
the incorporation of climate change on the development
Chap. agendas of the capital region Bogota Cundinamarca p63 /
002 7.2 Regional strategies for mitigation and adaptation in the
The Bogota Cundinamarca region. Location Bogota Cundinamarca region
Chap.
003 20
Territorial approach to climate change
Chap.
008 71
Exchange of experiences with other TACC projects in the
world
Chap.
004 24
The territorial approach to climate change for the
Chap.
009 75
Lessons learned
■7
capital region, bogota cundinamarca
Presen
tation
–
Omar Franco Torres
TACC Colombia, Project Manager.
Director of the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies
of Colombia (IDEAM in Spanish)
_
8■
C limate change is a grave global issue and Colombia isn´t an exception. Colombia is a sus-
ceptible country due to certain geographical conditions such as people living in flood plains
and coastal areas, unstable terrains close to or in the mountains, joined with increasingly
unstable weather conditions which are becoming more frequent and are the cause of increasingly
stronger natural disasters. These effects have resulted in the immeasurable loss of human lives, af-
fecting, in turn, the country’s competitiveness, where the main challenge we are confronted with is to
generate tangible actions that allow us to adapt to the threat of climate change.
From this point of view, the Territorial Approach to Climate Change (TACC) has been developed by
Colombian Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (IDEAM in Spanish),
a project boosted and implemented by the United Nations with the purpose of asserting itself as a
national authority in environmental studies. This project has generated several applied researches and
technical knowledge with the purpose of establishing a decision-making process in climate change,
projecting their findings on a technical and scientific basis allowing for the implementation of mitiga-
tion and adaptation measures that could promote the governmental institutions in the Capital Region.
TACC has allowed us to make significant progress at an institutional level towards the goal of work-
ing in a coordinated manner. With the same objectives, coordinated efforts to promote constructive
discussion, greater capacity to address and respond to the challenges of climate change, all of which
designed to give priority to research in the Capital Region.
Through the work of many people and the support of the existing TACC platform enabling collab-
oration among different institutions involved in the project, there is now a better understanding of
climate behavior in the Capital Region, its territorial reality and inherent vulnerabilities, our ability to
adapt to climate change, and a program that can be replicated in other regions.
In this process ordinary citizens constitute an important role, not only in adaptation but in reducing
the impacts caused by climate change. Communities enter into a process of cultural renewal, taking
into account and acknowledging that such affects are a reality. We are constantly being reminded that
there is an unbreakable bond between ourselves and our environment.
The National Government would like to express its gratitude to the United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP), and TACC Colombia member institutions, consultants, researchers, public
servants, and all the professionals that have accompanied this process. Thanks as well to the coordinat-
ing team of the TACC, whose hard work was indepensible in guarenteeing the success of this project.
This program is an invitation to the multi-varied social sectors, academics, government departments
and institutional decision makers of the Capital Region, to familiarize themeselves with and appro- ■9
priate the findings, results, and recommendations of the TACC.Indeed, this information will permit
leaders to make better, more informed and guided decisions with respect to combating the pressing
problem of climate change.
Presen
tation
–
Silvia Rucks
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
Country Director Colombia.
_
10 ■N ever before as of now have governments felt the serious implications of climate change on
their territories, directly or indirectly. National, regional and local leaders are increasingly
aware of the need to implement environmental policies to mitigate the effects of climate
change and adapt to its consequences.
Instability due to the impact of a changing climate, accentuated by gaps of inequality between regions
and populations, create the need to implement differential policy measures, which take into account
the particular needs of each territory, under the umbrella of a comprehensive national policy frame-
work. Currently, the Bogota – Cundinamarca region is an example of the differential policy measures
that strenghten the city region focus by means of looking for solutions to the problems caused by
climate change.
The TACC Colombia provides valuable information to the Capital Region, developing particular
pathways of adaptation and mitigation meassures that allow for the country to move towards sustain-
able development and resistance to climate variability.
This document presents the result of coordinated and participatory work of various institutions pres-
ent in the Capital Region. Beyond the valuable technical results and scientific findings, one of the prin-
cipal lessons learned from this process has been the importance of a broad and inclusive institutional
platform formed by all entities in the region working on issues of environmental sustainability. It was
in this context were the results of this program were discussed, directed and appropriated. Also, the
possibility exists that this experience could be reproduced in other regions in Colombia and other
countries particularly exposed to the impacts of climate change and variability.
I would like to give special recognition to the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental
Studies (IDEAM in Spanish), as the national environmental authority, for leadership in the develop-
ment of this project. Similarly, thanks are extended to the Cundinamarca and Bogota City Hall for
their support in this initiative. We hope that the lessons of theTACC Colombia can be incorporated ■ 11
into the planning framework of management leaders and decision makers, in order for the informa-
tion produced in this framework to be useful for the development of efficient initiatives and those that
strengthen the link between climate change adaptation and risk management.Intro
duction
–
T ACC Colombia implemented for the Capital Region Bogota- Cundi-
namarca is not the only program developed by the United Nations
designed to address climate change, but it has become (over almost 4
years) a successful platform for regional integration between the Capital District
and Cundinamarca Department, allowing them to work together, collaborate
and discuss how to address and deal with challenges related to climate change
and variability.
This process has also established itself as a national benchmark in land man-
agement and governance, through the generation of scientific information and
technical capacity that empower regional public institutions; in turn, empowered
regional institutions permit leaders to search for solutions in zoning and territo-
rial planning, allowing them to face the challenges that climate change brings to
their respective territories and institutions.
During the years that TACC Colombia was in effect, specific regional issues con-
sidered strategic were prioritized and advanced to support their management.
These were enacted because changes in climate increased (as they continue to
do) the intensity, magnitude and frequency of extreme events, leading to negative
impacts on production, settlement patterns and human consumption.
JAVIER EDUARDO MENDOZA S.
TACC Colombia, This summary report, complementary to the rest of TACC Colombia results,
Project Coordinator. was comprised of technical reports, methodological guides, documents to sup-
_ port decision makers, informative video reports, among others.This brought to
the public an important tool in the fight against climate change: easily accessible
12 ■ information regarding climate change that could allow all interested actors to
take decisive action against the most pressing climate change problems in their
respective regions.TACC COLOMBIA HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED AS THE NATIONAL AUTHORITY IN TERRITORIAL
MANAGEMENT AND GOVERNANCE IN RELATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE. THROUGH
THE GENERATION OF SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION AND STRENGHTENING OF CAPACITY-
BUILDING APPROACHES, TERRITORIAL PLANNING AND ORDERING HAVE BEEN ENACTED
SO AS TO SYSTEMATICALLY CONFRONT THE TERRITORIAL CHALLENGES ENGENDERED
BY CLIMATE CHANGE
During the first phase of TACC Colombia, the program was presented as one
of the models that had been implemented by the United Nations around the
world, as the territorial approach to climate change. Later, 4 essential questions
that guided our work were developed.
The development of each question draws on the results of all the advanced tech-
nical consultancies under the framework of TACC Colombia. The following
were proposed: (i) What is the present and future climate in the Bogota-Cundi-
namarca region? (ii) What are the regional dynamics and vulnerabilities of the
region in relation to climate change? (iii) How to properly transfer knowledge
to decision makers? And (iv) How to confront territorial challenges precipitated
from climate change?.
Finally, the information gathered from this process and the compilation of all the
information products obtained during the work are presented, for all concerned,
on the website www.priccregioncapital.org.
Thus, TACC Colombia is a pioneer model in terms of identifying and confront-
ing the effects of climate change in Colombia, generating scientific information
with methodological innovation to support and guide decision-making, and pro-
viding the opportunity to reproduce it in other regions in Colombia. Moreover, it
continues to make significant contributions in promoting a dignified life coupled
with a healthy, sustainable environment, engendering the hope of happier pres-
ent and future generations.
■ 13C1
Climate Change:
National Context, Advances
and the Challenges for Colombia
COLOMBIA MOVES TOWARDS A DEVELOPMENT MODEL MORE COMPATIBLE WITH CLIMATE
CHANGE AND ITS PROJECTED IMPACTS. IN ADDITION, COLOMBIA AS A COUNTRY OFFERS
THE CHALLENGE TO INTERESTED ACTORS OF PROPOSING INNOVATIVE AND VIABLE
SCHEMES THAT CONFRONT THE CHANGES BROUGHT ABOUT BY CLIMATE CHANGE
D ue to the prevailing conditions and particular circumstances of our country, Colombia
exists as a potential laboratory for observing the impacts and evidences of our chang-
ing climate and the changes it affecting on the environment as well as social-economic
development. In this way Colombia has, from the beginning, played an active and permanent role
in international climate negotiations, definitions and guidelines that have been ongoing since
the 1990s. It has put into place a national regulatory framework that it first embraced during
the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Kyoto Protocol
and other consequent rulings and their respective regulatory framework for the management of
natural resources. With the conformation of the National Environmental System that supports
its management via the System for Environmental Information—a source of information and
knowledge with respect to the environment—an institution was established to implement such
regulations and which generates the data, information and knowledge that supports decision
making at a territorial and sectorial level.
Today the necessity for socio-economic growth and development has taken foremost importance,
14 ■ however in the case of Colombia not necessarily to the detriment of the environment. Colombia has
opted to advance growth and development in a manner that takes into account the changing climate.
On one hand, Colombia has recognized experiences and lessons derived from its projects of adapta-
tion, upon recognizing the particular conditions of the country, its population and vulnerability toclimate change. It has acted under the principle of “learn by doing,” On the other hand, the path of mitigation has promoted actions
having opened lines of communication with peasant, indigenous, rural that regulate greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with a national
and urban communities that are familiar with and interact with their re- strategy for the development of efficient carbon levels. Even though
spective territories. Indeed, territories that have already begun to reveal Colombia contributes 0.37% of global greenhouse emissions (INGEI
climate change impacts, namely alterations in cycles of precipitation and 2004, SCN 2010) it has embraced the challenge of identifying, incor-
the vagaries of the weather, the provision of ecosystem services and the porating and implementing sectorial actions that engender opportu-
management of soil use. nities to lower the level of carbon emissions.
National system for dealing with climate change
National strategy
Colombian
for reduction of Strategy for
strategy for low National plan for
emissions from financial
carbon economy adaptation to
deforestation and protection against
(LCE). climate change.
forest disasters.
degradation.
Lead for DNP, with the support
of MADS, IDEAM, UNGRD.
Figure 1. Structural axes of the National Plan for development 2010-2014.
The National Development Plan for 2010-2014, recognizes the need posing new outlines for taking advantage of the opportunities that
to incorporate the climate as a transversal variable in the sectors and consequent of climate change.
territories, establishing four structural axes.
As appears from compiled scientific-technical evidence made by na-
Colombia advances toward a development economy more compati- tional communications, the ecosystems of mountain, agricultural and
ble with a changing climate. This development protects against the transport sectors and coastal zones are particularly vulnerable to the
potential impacts of climate change but also offers challenges of pro- potential impacts of climate change. It is for that reason they have
implemented projects which seek to achieve the following:
Territorial Project
Name Principals actors involved Objective Period
Define and implement means to manage adaptation and
political opinions to forecast the anticipated impacts of
climate change in the ecosystems of high mountain regions
Integrated Project of National IDEAM, CI, INVEMAR, CORALINA,
and areas located along the Colombian Caribbean. This 2006-2011
Adaptation(INAP) INS, Banco Mundial includes taking into account the impacts on human health,
for example the outbreak of possible epidemics, such as ■ 15
dengue and malaria.IDEAM, PNUD, FAO, OPS, PNUD and
Joint Program of ecosystem UNICEF + MAVDT + DNP Promote the integrated management of ecosystems that
integration and adaptation guarantee the provision of properties and environmental
Indigenous councils and peasant 2008-2011
to climate change in the services, incorporating adaption considerations for the
Colombian Massif associations. Mayoralties of Puracé changing climate in Colombian Massif
and Popayán, Cauca Government.
Fortify the capacity of national and regional authorities
PNUD, IDEAM, Cundinamarca
so as to integrate a territorial development program and
Government, Department of outline. This includes a collective construction process
Environment, EAAB, FOPAE, CAR, realized by TACC for the Bogota-Cudinamarca region,
TACC Colombia 2010-2013
CORPORINOQUIA, CORPOGUAVIO, Capital Region, containing strategies and plans of inversion
IAvH, National Parks, MADS in response to the changing climate. This would achieve the
goal of promoting development options sufficiently robust
and DNP
so as to resist future volatile climatic conditions.
Improve linkages and coordination among public and
private sector actors linked to the National Environmental
System-SINA-and the National System for Disaster
Strengthening institutional Prevention and Attention-SNPAD in order to manage the
capacities for risk management challenges associated with integrated risk management
PNUD, UNGRD, MVCT, MADS, IDEAM,
as a measure of adaptation and climate change. This entails facilitating communication 2011-2013
ASOCARS and INVEMAR
to climate change in the amongst specialized target groups and regional, national,
Colombian Caribbean region subnational and local information beneficiaries. This
contributes directly and indirectly to promote the protection
of vulnerable populations in coastal and island regions and
economic sectors of the Colombian Caribbean region.
Project Huila 2050: preparing
CAM, Huila Government and USAID Formulation of a Climate Change Plan 2013
for climate change
Reduce community vulnerabilities and augment ecosystem
resilience in their respective regions. This is achieved by
Reducing risk and vulnerability confronting the risks of flooding and drought associated
PNUD, MADS, IDEAM,
to climate change in Momposina with climate change and variability. (Component 1: April 2013-2018
CORPOMOJANA and CVS
Depression region strengthening the current information system that is utilized
by regional and local actors, bettering their resilience to the
impact of climate change.)
Mainstreaming Adaptation CDKN, INVEMAR, MADS, Cartagena Develop a plan of adaptation to climate change for the
to Climate Change in Cartagena de Indias that includes an analysis of the
Mayoralty, Environmental Public
Territorial Planning and Sector vulnerabilities and guidelines of adaptation for the insular 2012-2014
Establishment of Cartagena and
Management Cartagena de territories, with the objective of fortifying the competitively and
Indias Cartagena Chamber of Commerce sectorial development in the city and accompanying islands.
Proyectos Sectoriales
Name Principals actors involved Objective Period
Interagency and Multisectorial
To promote scientific and technical conditions necessary
Analysis of Vulnerability and CDKN, CIAT, Cenicafé, Cauca and to ensure the adaptability and permanence of the chains
Adaptation to Climate Change 2011-2013
Caldas Universities most important to agricultural value in Cuenca Alta of Cauca
in the Agricultural Sector in the
River, based on short, medium and large climatic scenarios.
Cuenca Alta del Cauca (AVA)
16 ■ Strengthen the capacity of the Ministry of Transport
Mainstreaming Climate Change Ministry of Transport, INVIAS, ANI and transport sector actors in order to mainstream the
into the Transport Sector in 2012-2014
and ICF International adaptation to climate change according to the agenda and
Colombia
practices of road infrastructure.1. Improving production mechanisms, analysis and the
Analysis of vulnerability of the
exchange of information between the IDEAM and interested
agricultural sector, identification Fecha de inicio
sectors in order to support decision-making processes.
of adaptation measures to the
2. Designing a methodology so as to develop a strategy of Convenio
most vulnerable production BID and IDEAM
sectorial adaptation BID-FONADE
systems, and developing a
3. Implementation of a system to monitor water cycle and Enero de 2011
set of guidelines for designing
carbon in high mountain.
sectorial adaptation strategies
4. Institutional Strengthening of IDEAM
Develop an analysis of the dangers and vulnerabilities of
Study to determine the the Colombian energy sector combating the threats caused
vulnerability and adaptation by climate change and vulnerability. This seeks to focus
UPME 2013
options in the Colombian energy on the efficient production and transmission of electricity,
sector face to climate change including the formulation and analysis
of adaptation measures.
Table 1.
In a complementary way and in recognition of the importance of the › Strategic alliances: public-private, academia, etc
collective consciousness face to the climate problem, it was established
the national strategy for education, training and sensitization of pub- › Thrust forward developing a good management of information
lic on the framework of which actions have been developed to dissem- at all levels: National, Regional and Local, maintaining their
inate, train and raise awareness among the general population. feedback.
Although we have progress, there is awareness of the need to con- National communications have become a valuable space for collec-
tinue to build a road to the adaptation, to face challenges in the tive construction, since they open the opportunity to collect national
country, such as: circumstances, identify and disseminate vulnerability cases and the
analysis of Greenhouse Gases, as well as collect plans, programs and
› Accomplishment and continuity to the strategies set out in the actions being carried out in mitigation and adaptation to climate
National Development Plan 2010-2014, consolidating sectorial change. Today, at the gates of a third communication (TCN) and of
and territorial plans for adapting to climate change. the first report of update (BUR), with a fifth version of the report gave
by Intergovernmental Panel on climate change (AR5 - IPCC) as input
› Search the articulation of policies and programs on integrated and scientific support; and with the responsibility of generating infor-
risk management and adaptation to climate change, considering mation and knowledge in a regular and systematic way, Colombia has
both as complementary. the opportunity to initiate a new era in how to address its decisions
on the territory in the face of the global challenge of climate change.
› Strengthen the management of information and knowledge
of risks.
› Education and communication in order to develop a culture of
safety and resilience against risks.
› Manage good practices and lessons learned, so that it will help ■ 17
to improve the value chain and the establishment of efficient
strategies.C2
C5
THE CAPITAL REGION,
BOGOTA CUNDINAMARCA. LOCATION
THE CAPITAL REGION IS DEFINED AS THE AREA COMPRISING THE DISTRICT CAPITAL
OF BOGOTA (CITY CAPITAL OF THE COUNTRY) AND THE ENTIRE DEPARTMENT OF
CUNDINAMARCA WITH ITS 116 MUNICIPALITIES
Venezuela
panamÁ
ecuador
Brazil
◀ Bogota
18 ■
◀ Cundinamarca Bogota Region
Perú¿WHY MUST WE TAKE ACTION TO ENSURE Changes in climate are affecting population, ecosystems, and pro-
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT CONCERNING CLIMATE ductive systems, for this reason when we talk about facing challenges
CHANGE IN THE Bogota-CUNDINAMARCA REGION? of climate variability and climate change in the Capital Region, what
is at stake is:
The
21.6%
9´840.818 of the Colombia
habitants well being population
More than
302.000 31.7%
41% (25%) of the country´s of the national GDP
of National Industry enterprises
FOOD SECURITY
51% of areas dedicated to the cultivation of elements that enter to the capital
and are distributed throught the Cundinamarca municipalities.
CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY
4.000 m.a.s.l.
AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
Regulation of water, foods, woods, fibers
Conservation of moors, and the capture and storage of carbon,
rain forests, wetlands, tropical ■ 19
pollinators and seed dispersers among
forests (dry and humid) other. There are key elements used by the
300 m.a.s.l. Cundinamarca and Bogota population.C3
Territorial approach
to climate change
THE TERRITORIAL APPROACH TO CLIMATE CHANGE SEEKS TO COMBAT THE PROJECTED
CHANGES BROUGHT ABOUT BY OUR CHANGING CLIMATE VIA CONCENTRATED PLANNING
AND LAND MANAGEMENT. IN EFFECT, COLOMBIA´S TERRITORIAL APPROACH CONSTITUTES
A POWERFUL MEASURE IN THE BATTLE TO REDUCE BOTH GHG EMISSIONS AND
COLOMBIA´S TERRITORIAL VULNERABILITY
I n addition to the international discussions advanced by The United Nations Framework Conven-
tion on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the attention paid to increasingly severe climatic disasters and
emergencies became a theme of growing interest on the part of local authorities. In this context the
United Nations, through an alliance between their agencies UNDP, UNEP, UNITAR, UN-HABI-
TAT and UNCDF, triggered the initiative Territorial Approach to Climate Change (TACC), which
sought to increase the resiliance towards climate change and reduce the carbon footprint of the sub-na-
tional territories in developing countries and countries with transitional economies1.
At present, this initiative is being developed in 10 countries around the world: Colombia, Uruguay,
Peru, Nicaragua, Senegal, Algeria, Uganda, Nigeria, Egypt and Albania.
1 UNDP, 2011a. Down to the Earth: Territorial Approach to Climate Change, Low-Emission and Climate-Resilient Development Strategies at the Sub-national Level. 2011
20 ■ Update. UNDP, UNEP, FOGAR, AIRF, AER, Climate Group, CRPM, The Northern Forum, nrg4SD, OLAGI, R20. New York – Geneva.
UNDP. 2011b. Executive Summary, Preparing Low-Emission Climate-Resilient Development Strategies. A UNDP Guidebook — Version 1.
UNDP, 2012. Down to the Earth: Territorial Approach to Climate Change, Low-Emission and Climate-Resilient Development Strategies at the Sub-national Level. 2012
Update. UNDP, UNEP, FOGAR, AIRF, AER, Climate Group, CRPM, The Northern Forum, nrg4SD, OLAGI, R20. New York – Geneva.Albania
Argelia Egipto
Senegal
Nicaragua Colombia
Nigeria
Uganda
Perú
Uruguay
The implementation of each of the projects included in this initiative Conceptually, the territorial approach to climate change is evaluated
came from a process of interagency coordination, the strengthening of like any of the planning processes in a territory. Risk management
local capacities, and the bolstering of sub-national government actions in and adaptations to climate change are considered, as an effective
order to face the adverse impacts of climate change. Moreover, these in- form of confronting threats generated from the interaction between
clude planned strategies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and the de- extreme weather and climate events along with the concurrent
velopment of “resilience strategies” towards climate change (LECRDS)2, problems of exposed and vulnerable elements of the territory (ex;
articulated witn territorial planning instruments. people, settlements, infrastructure, crop areas, ecosystems, among
others). These territorial development actions also contribute to
The strategy has five steps, beginning with the development of insti- reducing emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), which, if not
tutional partnerships and ending with a roadmap to guide priorities, controlled, would continue to exacerbate the problem of changes in
concrete actions for mitigation (GHG emission reduction) and the global climate3.
adaptation (increasing the resilience) to climate change. (Figure 2).
STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5
Roadmap to
increase the Implementation
Development Identification of
Preporation for Evaluation of resilience territories of developnent
of aliances and mitigation and
climate change basic needs for to the impact of
structures for
scenarios adaptation financing climate change and
proyects and the
coordination options designing of policy
to reduce the (GHG)
and governing. instruments.
emissions
Figure 2. Five main steps to prepare a sub-national strategy for reducing emissions and obtain a resilient
development face climate change.
2 UNDP. 2011. Preparing Low-Emission Climate-Resilient Development Strategies. UNDP Guidebook — Version 1. En línea: http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/
home/ourwork/environmentandenergy/focus_areas/climate_strategies/green_lecrds_guidancemanualsandtoolkits/ ■ 21
3 IPCC, 2012: Summary for Policymakers. In: Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation [Field, C.B., V. Barros, T.F.
Stocker, D. Qin, D.J. Dokken, K.L. Ebi, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, G.-K. Plattner, S.K. Allen, M. Tignor, and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. A Special Report of Working Groups
I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1-19In the process of territorial development, it is necessary to understand ment (basis of adaptation) in territorial planning, being a key instru-
and address the interdependent relationship between cultural and eco- ment used by municipalities to define soil use and the main activities
logical systems that ensure the provision of essential ecosystem services to be permitted on their respective territories, with the purpose of
for human well-being. Thus, biodiversity and ecosystemic services can reducing population vulnerability (for example, maintaining impor-
be used as a fundamental tool in tandem with certain socio-economic tant ecosystems for the provision of ecosystem services), in addition
aspects, demographics and related institutions, an overall adaptation to reducing emissions of greenhouse gases associated with different
strategy to help build territories resilience to climate change4. soil uses. A resilient and secure territory against climate change, is
a territory that properly manages risks so that the quality of life is
For the successful implementation of the territorial approach to cli- maintained, production sustainability is ensured and competitive-
mate change, it is essential to incorporate comprehensive risk manage- ness is promoted.
Disaster
Vulnerability
CLIMATE DEVELOPMENT
Disaster risk
Natural management
variability
Meteorological
and climatic
RISKS OF
phenomena DISASTER
Anthropogenic Adaptation to
climate change climate change
Exposure
Greenhouse gas emissions
Figure 3. Diagram of the principal concepts contained in the risk management and adaptation
to climate change and the interaction of these with the sustainable development. This chart was
developed by the IPCC3.
22 ■
4. Andrade Pérez, A., Herrera Fernandez, B. and Cazzolla Gatti, R. (eds.) (2010) Building Resilience to Climate Change: Ecosystem-based adaptation and lessons from the
field. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. 164pp. http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/ edocs/2010-050.pdfWHAT IS TERRITORY
The territory is a social, political and economic construction, due to its close
and inter-dependent relationship between ecological and human systems,
through the supply of ecosystem services, and
the conduct that allows for these kinds of
services that are key for human well
being. The results of this dynamic
relationship are, scenery/regions
with environmental characteristics
that are, cultural, productive, eco-
nomic and are politicaly or socially
differentiated so much so that, it
can occasionally redefine their eco-
systems and also the geographic
characteristics in general.
In Colombia, the territorial approach to climate change has been developed by TACC Colombia, support-
ed by PNUD.C4
THE TERRITORIAL APPROACH TO CLIMATE
CHANGE FOR THE CAPITAL REGION,
BOGOTA CUNDINAMARCA
TACC COLOMBIA IS CHARGED WITH DEFINING STRATEGIC GUIDELINES, INCLUDING BUT
NOT LIMITED TO STRATEGIC MITIGATION AND NATIONAL ADAPTATION MEASURES TO
CLIMATE CHANGE. THESE ARE DESIGNED SO AS TO PROVIDE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
OPTIONS IN SOCIETY
I n 2009, Colombia was selected as one of the countries where a
pilot TACC initiative would be held, thanks to the application
made by the Mayor of Bogota and Cundinamarca government
as a region (Capital Region), supported by the Ministry of Environ-
ment, Housing and Territorial Development (now the Ministry of
Development Programme (UNDP). This alliance is comprised of an
array of political, territorial and administrative institutions in Bogo-
ta and Cundinamarca (Ministry of Regional Integration, Planning,
UDGRD, CAR, Corpoguavio, Corporinoquia), including but not
limited to the Alexandr von Humbolt Institute, Colombian Natural
Environment and Sustainable Development), Institute of Hydrology, National Parks, the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Devel-
Meteorology and Environmental Studies (IDEAM in Spanish) and opment, DNP, and receives financial support from the governments
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to Colombia. of Spain and Quebec.
In 2010, the launch of TACC Colombia was initiated and titled The In its first stage (2010-2014), TACC Colombia was comprised soley
Regional Integral Plan for Climate Change (RIPCC) for the Bogo- of government institutions, as it was essential to strengthen the
ta-Cundinamarca region, with the aim of developing partnerships and governance of climate change in the region by local governments. It
establishing coordination structures and governance of the project. was important to build climate confronting capacity in government
bodies, districts and CAR (Regional Autonomous Corporations),
PARTNER INSTITUTIONS empowered with the ability to respond to emerging and existing en-
TACC Colombia for Bogota-Cundinamarca region has been set up vironmental threats, with scientific results utilized for the implemen-
24 ■ as a strategic interagency partnership in which 17 partner institutions tation of new projects. Importantly, this included the incorporation
are involved. It is directed by the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorol- of other actors such as schools and universities, NGOs, civil society,
ogy and Environmental Studies (IDEAM in Spanish), the national private sector; being essential to move towards governance schemes
authority on climate change, in conjunction with the United Nation that allow for effective, consolidated territorial resilience processes.OBJECTIVE AND OPERATING STRUCTURE TACC Colombia was effectively structured in 4 platforms to permit
TACC Colombia looks to define strategic group lines of action and response to the guiding questions described above. Different products
respective projects addressed to the mitigation and adaptation to generated were substantiated in the collective construction agency.
climate change. This makes possible the promotion of social and
economic development through the simultaneous confrontation of Under the TACC Colombian framework, a Regional Strategy for Mit-
climate change. igation and Adaptation to Climate Change were produced, whose for-
mulations were based on a wealth of new information offered by the re-
To accomplish its stated mission, TACC Colombia worked to an- gion and the country, not only according to the scale of their approaches
swer four main guiding questions. These questions not only recogo- and findings, but also for their methodological approaches. Thus:
nized the paramountcy of regionally based lines that would support
decision-making amongst invested institutions, but also gathered Climate change mitigation measures: These are based on the inven-
information to support institutional strengthening and implemen- tory of direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions for electricity
tion of actions designed to reduce the inherent vulnerabilities ex- consumption and identify priority areas.
posed to climate change (adaptation) and reduce GHG emissions
(mitigation). Advances in knowledge and territorial management for Adaptive measures to climate change: These are supported by behav-
mitigation and adaptation to climate change are important sourc- ioral studies, evolution and possible effects of inter annual variabili-
es of support for department and municipal planning in zoning ty(El niño and La Niña phenomena) and climate change (multi-sce-
aspects, integral risk management, integral management of biodi- nario assembly A2 and B2, and Stage RCP4.5) at sub-national level;
versity and ecosystem services and integral management of water the analysis of climate extremes and their relationships with climate
resources. The application of the territorial approach in the Capital change and inter-annual variability; the inventory emergency events
Region, involves the use of management tools for planning and land and disasters related with hydroclimatic phenomena; the analysis of
use or zoning, to assit progress towards building resilient and intel- regional dynamics and the territorial vulnerability (population as-
ligent territories. pects, Ecosystem and institutionals).
What are the
regional dynamics
and vulnerability?
Territorial
STRUCTURE AND ¿How to confront Prioritized and
¿What is the present specific planning and Support of
climate and what CONSOLIDATION OF the territorial development human well-
measures for
will the future INTER-INSTITUTIONAL challenges of
(OT, GIR,
mitigation and being
climate be? NETWORKS climate change?
adaptation GIBSE, GIRH)
¿How is knowledge
transferred to
decision makers?
■ 25
Figure 4. Guiding questions about the development of TACC Colombia within the framework of develop-
ing a community of inter-institutional learning and its possible contributions to territorial management that
contribute to human welfare.A. ESTABLISHMENT AND CONSOLIDATION OF THE INTER-AGENCY NETWORK
B. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER TO DECISION MAKERS
GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
Strategy of communication,
Dialogue and Establishment of Icorporation of hydrometeorological
education and public awareness
cooperation agreements technical tables risks in POTs
of climate change
CAPACITY BUILDING COMMUNICATION AND RELEASE OF INFORMATION
Knowledge exchange: Communication New web page, Publications and
Diploma
workshops strategy facebook y twitter promotional material
C. PRESENT AND FUTURA CLIMATE AND REGIONAL DYNAMICS AND VULNERABILITY
Climate variability Climate Extreme analisys and Adjusment to Regional development History of disaster
GHG inventory
analisys change analisys GHG spatialization vulnerability analisys and climate change and emergency events
D. REGIONAL STRATEGY FOR MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION
(PRYORITYIZED AND SPECIFIC MEASURES OF MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION)
Mitigation measures to climate change Adaptation measure to climate change
(project profiles) and project profiles
REDUCTION OF TERRITORIAL VULNERABILITY TO VARIABILITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE AND REDUCTION
OF GHG EMISSIONS TO IMPROVE THE LIFE QUALITY OF THE REGION’S INHABITANTS
Figure 5. TACC Colombia general structure and its components.
STRUCTURE AND WORK METHODOLOGY
Decision making to development work in tacc Colombia.
TACC Colombia is in charge of a steering committee for strategic tor, a professional adviser in administrative and financial matters; a
decision-making, consisting of the directors of each of the partner in- professional advisor on technical issues and a professional advisor
stitutions. It is headed by the mayor of Bogota (or his representative), in communication.
the Governor of Cundinamarca (or his representative), the directors
of the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Stud- For development work, technical level tables were organized, relating
ies (IDEAM in Spanish) (Director of TACC Colombia) and Head of to different TACC Colombia outcomes and components. These pro-
the UNDP Country Office. cesses allow for the formation and consolidation of a learning com-
munity, formed by technical groups of all partner institutions, giving
Tactical decisions are in the hands of the Monitoring Committee, huge value to the scientific and technical knowledge produced, as it
which consists of the technical focal points from each of the partner ensures ownership, validation and use of information in management
26 ■ institutions of TACC Colombia. processes and generation of public policy.
Operational decisions are the responsibility of the Coordinating The Adjustment Bureau, aims to “identify adaptive measures to vari-
Unit, composed by the TACC Colombia Director and Coordina- ability and climate change, consistent with the institutional and terri-torial reality (social + environmental)” while the Bureau of Mitigation The main working method is based on documents or paperwork and
works to “identify measures to mitigate climate change consistent with the advancing prepared by different consultants, which are subject
the institutional and territorial reality (social + environmental).” to a previous partner´s view. This system allows for feedback and
discussion in greater detail in table and supgroup sessions. Each
Each bureau is made up of one representative from each partner insti- meeting of the tables have clear objectives and outcomes that are
tution (focal point). However, according to the topics addressed and made explicit during any given table session and/or through the-
taking into consideration each participating institution, select bureaus matic subgroups.
may be made largers. The aim is to always have some permanent rep-
resentatives, which will be selected within each entity with complete
independence and freedom, reporting to the official Unit Coordina-
tor, so that continuity is ensured with the participation of individuals
and institutions.
Unit coordinator
FIRST STRUCTURE OF PANEL
DISCUSSIONS ON TECHNICAL
LEVEL (2010-2012) Group of territorial Group for climate Group for Group for analyzing Group dedicated
planning change scenarios analyzing vulnerability to communications,
and GHG emission regional education and
analyzing groups dynamics management
Coordinated unit
Evaluation of vulnerability
Identifying means in the region Identifying means for
for adaptation of mitigation of the
the project profile Communication and outreach. project profile Strategic locations
according to Education and management according to existing
FINAL STRUCTURE OF PANEL according GHG
existing circum- circumstances in the analysis
DISCUSSIONS ON TECHNICAL Analysis of institutional arrange-
stances in the capital region.
LEVEL (2012-2014) ments and sectoral policies
capital region
Evaluation of cost-benefits
in proposed measures
ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION
PROJECTS PORTFOLIO
Figure 6. General diagram of working groups at technical level during the process of TACC ■ 27
Colombia (2010-2012 and 2012-2014). In the final stage, horizontal links were promoted, especially
those between the measures for mitigation and adaptation and the permanent feedback between
them. Temporary thematic groups were also raised at this late stage.También puede leer
